Prof. Thomas Gregor Issac
Biosketch
I have always been fascinated by clinical research and my research focuses on understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of cognitive disorders. Being from a medical background, my initial work was on the clinical understanding of the various dementias and included understanding “how, when and why” a patient with dementia shows specific clinical phenomena which often gives clues to the diagnosis and subtyping the various forms of dementia. Understanding the role of reversible causes of dementia and its mitigation is therefore of paramount importance. As the ageing population is increasing, understanding the trajectories, modifiers and modulators of healthy ageing and transition from mild cognitive impairment to major neurocognitive impairment gains significance. Targeted interventions tailored to address the vulnerable elderly from middle age or even before would be the most important translational aspect of my research. Our team also tries to understand the role of hitherto considered benign white matter changes and its role in tilting the balance of mild cognitive impairment towards dementia. My PhD work was hence specifically focused on the role of specific molecular mechanisms driving cognitive deterioration in patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. This work was seminal with respect to the fact that it looked in a holistic manner not just the clinical data but comprehensively assessed the neuropsychological, imaging and genetic correlates associated with respect to the same in a cohort of more than 200 patients. This work was further extrapolated during my MD studies wherein I looked into the role of APO E4 allele in modulating the course and prognosis in the cohort of patients with vascular cognitive impairment as further ahead during my DM wherein I tried to identify the various trajectories that late-life depression would take and its likely link and evolution into neurocognitive disorders like dementia. These are just humble beginnings and there is a need for more such cohort studies in understanding the role of modifiable risk factors including epigenetics that could increase the incidence of dementia in our elderly. My research also gives importance to the public health approach for dementias and in the role of developing policy considerations, ethical and sociological aspects of ageing and explores due concerns of the stakeholders especially patients with cognitive impairment and their caregivers, rehabilitation options and inputs for advocacy as well. It is opportune that this decade is considered as that of “Healthy Ageing” by the World Health Organization (WHO) and a comprehensive understanding of geriatric physical and mental health would pave way for developing better access to pathways of care and provision of early intervention strategies and “bench to bedside” translation of research.
The Nairobi Declaration — Reducing the burden of dementia in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs): Declaration of the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs
Dementia is a global health problem among the elderly, especially in Lower-Middle Income Countries (LMICs), where the estimated number of individuals with dementia by 2030 is 78 million. Delegates from 40 countries, including India met on 5-9 December 2022 in Nairobi, Kenya to discuss about the recent advancements in dementia prevention, diagnosis, treatment and research
The major outcomes of the Nairobi Declaration were:
- To take a global approach towards prevention, diagnosis, treatment and research in context of dementia.
- More focus on LMICs because of the huge burden of the disease.
- Promotion of positive health behaviours and psychosocial activities in order to prevent risk factors.
- Support research, reduce expense of hospitalization and improve quality of life of patients.
- Motivate early career researchers in LMICs to ensure needs of the population.
- Collaborative research frameworks.
Reference: Maestre, G., Carrillo, M., Kalaria, R., Acosta, D., Adams, L., Adoukonou, T., Akinwande, K., Akinyemi, J., Akinyemi, R., Akpa, O., Alladi, S., Allegri, R., Arizaga, R., Arshad, F., Arulogun, O., Babalola, D., Baiyewu, O., Bak, T., Bellaj, T., Boshe, J., … African Dementia Consortium (2023). The Nairobi Declaration-Reducing the burden of dementia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): Declaration of the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs. Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 10.1002/alz.13025. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.1302
Potential modifications on verbal-language/orientation-memory ratio from Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III to predict mild cognitive impairment from healthy controls
Currently, diagnosis of dementia depends on several invasive tests. To diagnose and differentiate various dementia types, the utility of neuropsychological tests, which are easier to administer, are being explored in recent years.
VLOM (Verbal-Language/Orientation-Memory) ratio calculated from early versions of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) has been used to differentiate Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Fronto Temporal Dementia (FTD) previously. The present study used the current version called ACE-III to differentiate people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from healthy controls.
Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5, which indicates MCI, is primarily contributed by scores in CDR memory domain. So, the current study proposed using L/M (Language/Memory) ratio calculated from ACE-III for classifying people with MCI. It identified that L/M ratio has a better potential in differentiating MCI and normal cognition when compared with VLOM ratio. Thus, VLOM ratio and its modifications can be further explored for their utility as clinical bedside screening tools for mild and major neurocognitive disorder.
Reference: Meghana R, Jain S, Malo PK, Stezin A, Issac TG. Potential modifications on verbal-language/orientation-memory ratio from Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III to predict mild cognitive impairment from healthy controls. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2023;14:531-2
“Thalaikoothal” – A Less? Known Practice of Senicide in Rural India
Senicide refers to killing of elderly. Thalaikoothal is a practice of senicide that is happening even today in parts of rural Tamil Nadu. As a part of the ritual, elderly who are considered as burden to already poverty-stricken families, as killed using cruel methods. In communities where this practice prevails, this has a very high acceptance such that, some elderly volunteer for this. It becomes necessary to make the community aware of the prevalence of such practices and educate them on strategies to undertake when they come across these happening.
Reference: Sandhya G, Issac TG. “Thalaikoothal”–A Less-Known Practice of Senicide in Rural India. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):127-8.
“Relax, Refresh, and Refocus”: A Brief Account on the Potential Utility of Snoezelen in Dementia
Dementia refers to the decline in memory and other domains of cognition. This might interfere severely with daily life functioning. Beside cognitive decline, the person develops some behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The focus of today’s research aims to develop non-pharmacological mode of treatment, as pharmacological mode of treatment exerts side effects. One such non-pharmacological modality of treatment is multisensory therapy or “Snoezelen”.
Reference: Roy D, Varadharajan A, Joe N, Jain S, Sunny AS, Issac TG. “Relax, Refresh, and Refocus:” A Brief Account on the Potential Utility of Snoezelen in Dementia. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):109-12.
Particulate Matter 2.5: Muddling the Healthy Brain
Dementia is a broad term that can have different trajectories. It is therefore important to focus on the various potential modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the disease. The environment can have an influence, both at psychological and biological levels. At the biological level, particulate matter pollutants, specifically PM 2.5 can cross the blood-brain barrier and can affect cognition.
Reference: Menon AJ, Sandhya G, Varadharajan A, Rai P, Sundarakumar JS, Issac TG. Particulate Matter 2.5–Muddling the Healthy Brain. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):129-30.
Sandhya G
Ph.D Student
I have completed my integrated M.Sc. in Life Sciences from Central University of Tamil Nadu. My Ph.D. work is primarily focussed on studying the association of nutrition with cognitive performance. Apart from research, I also enjoy dancing and listening to music.
Ms. Dwaiti Roy
Ph.D Student
I completed my B.Sc. in Psychology from Calcutta University and M.Sc. in Psychology from Banaras Hindu University. My main area of interest is neuromodulatory effects on aging brain. Besides studying I love animal keeping and nurturing, and also watching series.
Ms. Anjana Menon
Research Assistant
I pursued my bachelor’s degree in zoology from St Teresa’s College. After that I went on to pursue master’s in Zoology from St Berchman’s College. I am an aspiring neuroscientist. Currently I am focusing on the brain-environment interaction and positive impact of multilingualism on cognitive performance. In addition to my interests in neuroscience, I enjoy painting, singing and listening to music during my spare time.
Ms. Angeline Jessy S
Research Assistant – Virtual Infographics, Knowledge and workSheets (VIKAS) project
I hold an MSc in Nursing from Government College of Nursing, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore. I’m passionate about healthcare research and am currently working on a project to provide nursing care and support to caregivers of individuals with both Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Motor Neuron Muscular Disorder. I’m on a mission to ease the journey of dedicated caregivers by providing support and valuable insights. Besides research, I enjoy petting dogs, traveling, and listening to music
Ms. Aishwarya Ghosh
Research Assistant
I have completed my master’s degree in psychology from Banaras Hindu University. My interest lies in Music and Cognition. Currently I am looking into the different forms of music and their implications in brain health. I have also trained in Hindustani Classical Music for about 12 years.
Beside neuropsychology, I enjoy reading, singing, and cooking in my leisure times.
Ms. Monisha S
Research Assistant – Biostatistics
I am a data enthusiast with a strong educational background in statistics. I completed my undergraduate degree at St Joseph College and pursued postgraduate at Christian Medical College in the stream of Biostatistics. In my postgraduate project I examined the cumulative burden of cardiovascular risk factors. My career is centred around data analysis and I am really interested to learn the interaction of Machine learning and neuroscience. I enjoy reading books and listening to music.
Ms. Sneha Noble
Research Assistant-FABRIC GRANT Project
Biomedical Engineer, with a strong research background in medical imaging systems. I completed my B. Tech (Honors) degree in Biomedical Engineering from TKM Institute of Technology, Kerala and M.Tech. degree in Biomedical Instrumentation and Signal Processing from Amrita University, Kerala. I am a part of the FABRIC GRANT project, where changes in functional properties from brain images are analyzed to identify neurodegenerative diseases among individuals.
Lab alumni
Shubham Jain
Interns
Tejaswini Jagtap
Ashvin Varadharajan
Anjo Xavier
Aarjith Damian Davis
Neha Joe
1. Azhuvalappil S, Prasad R, Sahadevan P, Chatterjee P, Pradhan H, Rai P, Gupta A, Kommaddi RP, Thomas Gregor Issac, Sundarakumar JS. Association between APOE genotypes and metabolic syndrome in a middle aged and elderly Urban South Indian population. Metabolism Open. 2024 Sep 1;23:100301.
The Lancet Neurology. 2024 Sep 1;23(9):858-9.
9. Kalaria R, Maestre G, Mahinrad S,Alladi S, Allegri RF, Arshad F, Babalola DO, Baiyewu O, Bak TH….Thomas Gregor Issac,…et al. The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low?and middle?income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2024 May 2.
10. Singh S, Malo PK, Stezin A, Mensegere AL, Thomas Gregor Issac. Hippocampal subfields volume changes and its correlation with memory functions in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Aging and Health Research. 2024 Mar 5:100183.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100183
11. Rai P, Sahadevan P, Mensegere AL, Thomas Gregor Issac, Muniz?Terrera G, Sundarakumar JS. Rural?urban disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and diabetes among aging Indians. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2024 Mar 9.https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13771
13. Rai P, Sundarakumar JS, Basavaraju N, Kommaddi RP, Thomas Gregor Issac. Association between ApoE ?4 genotype and attentional function in non-demented, middle-aged, and older adults from rural India. J Neurosci Rural Pract. doi: 10.25259/JNRP_272_2023
14. Ghosh A, Jagtap T, Thomas Gregor Issac. Cognitive Benefits of Physical Activity in the Elderly: A Narrative Review. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2024 Jan 1;3(1):4-11.
15. Varadharajan, Ashvin; Gandhi, Sandhya; Menon, Anjana J; Rai, Pooja; Issac, Thomas Gregor. Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation – A Novel Way Forward in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Therapeutics. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology ():10.4103/aian.aian_586_23, November 24, 2023. | DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_586_23
16. Meghana R, Jain S, Malo PK, Stezin A, Thomas Gregor Issac. Potential modifications on verbal-language/orientation-memory ratio from Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III to predict mild cognitive impairment from healthy controls. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2023 Jul-Sep;14(3):531-532. doi: 10.25259/JNRP_223_2023. Epub 2023 Aug 16. PMID: 37692821; PMCID: PMC10483186.
17. Menon AJ, Malo PK, Jain S, Gandhi S, Sundarakumar JS, Rai P, Thomas Gregor Issac. Association between multilingualism and cognitive performance among older adults in rural southern India. J Neurosci Rural Pract, doi: 10.25259/JNRP_376_2023
19. Anu, K.N., Thirumoorthy, A., Antony, S. Thomas Gregor Issac, C R Vasanthra , Sivakumar PT Caregivers Journey Through Experiences of People Living with Dementia and History of Wandering Behaviour: An Indian Case Series. J. Psychosoc. Rehabil. Ment. Health (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40737-023-00359-y
20. Singh S, Malo PK, Mensegere AL, Thomas Gregor Issac. Letter to Editor: Atrophy asymmetry in hippocampal subfields in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Experimental Brain Research. 2023 Jul 28:1-1.
21. Menon AJ, Sandhya G, Varadharajan A, Rai P, Sundarakumar JS, Thomas Gregor Issac. Particulate Matter 2.5–Muddling the Healthy Brain. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):129-30.
22. Sandhya G, Thomas Gregor Issac. “Thalaikoothal”–A Less-Known Practice of Senicide in Rural India. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):127-8.
23. Roy D, Varadharajan A, Joe N, Jain S, Sunny AS, Thomas Gregor Issac. “Relax, Refresh, and Refocus:” A Brief Account on the Potential Utility of Snoezelen in Dementia. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):109-12.
24. Maestre, G., Carrillo, M., Kalaria, R., Acosta, D., Adams, L., Adoukonou, T., … & African Dementia Consortium. (2023). The Nairobi Declaration—Reducing the burden of dementia in low?and middle?income countries (LMICs): Declaration of the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 19: 1105-1108. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13025
25. Kumar CT, Varghese M, Duddu V, Vaitheswaran S, Srivastava S, Shaji KS, …, Thomas Gregor Isaac, Chandra M. Indian Psychiatric Society multicentre study: Diagnostic patterns, comorbidity and prescription practices for patients with Dementia. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 2023;65:52-60.
26. Vasanthra CR, Ammapattian T, Antony S, Rao GN, Prasad KM, Anu KN, Thomas Gregor Issac and Sivakumar Palanimuthu Thangaraju. Home-based care of persons with dementia during COVID-19 pandemic: Caregivers’ experiences. Journal of Geriatric Mental Health 2022;9:9-12.
27. Suhas S, Malo PK, Kumar V, Thomas Gregor Issac, Chithra NK, Bhaskarapillai B, Reddy YCJ, Rao NP. Treatment strategies for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 14:1-16. doi: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2082525.
28. Sharad Philip, Thomas Gregor Issac, Arjita Sharda, Avinash Shekhar, Suicide prevention strategy in India, The Lancet Psychiatry, Volume 9, Issue 3, 2022,Page 192,ISSN 2215-0366,https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00011-6.
29. Thomas Gregor Issac, Mukku SSR, Mangalore S, Sinha P, Sivakumar PT. Reflected image processing abnormalities in dementia – a case series and review. Neurocase. 2022 May 8:1-5. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2072227. PMID: 35531907.
30. Issac, A.C., Thomas Gregor Issac, Baral, R., Bednall, T.C. and Thomas, T.S., 2021. Why you hide what you know: Neuroscience behind knowledge hiding. Knowledge and Process Management, 28(3), pp.266-276.
31. Philip S, Shoib S, Thomas Gregor Issac, Javed S. Diagnostic challenges posed by intersections between post-acute covid syndrome and neurocognitive disorders. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2022 Jan;67:102936. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102936. PMID: 34844177; PMCID: PMC8606183.
32. Ramesh A, Thomas Gregor Issac, Mukku SS, Sivakumar PT. Companionship and Sexual Issues in the Aging Population. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2021 Oct 5:02537176211045622.
33. Thomas Gregor Issac, Ramesh A, Reddy SS, Sivakumar PT, Kumar CN, Math SB. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act 2007: A Critical Appraisal. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2021 Oct 3:02537176211043932.
34. Krishna, G., Sivakumar, P.T., Dahale, A.B., Thomas Gregor Issac, Mukku, S.S.R., Unni, A.K., Sinha, P., Varghese, M. and Subramanian, S., 2020. Increased prolidase activity in Alzheimer’s dementia: A case-control study. Asian journal of psychiatry, 53, p.102242.
35. Thomas Gregor Issac Be in Control before You Lose Control. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 11(3), p.365.
36. Mukku SS, Jagtap N, Thomas Gregor Issac, Mangalore S, Sivakumar PT. Psychotic symptoms in Frontotemporal dementia with right fronto-temporal atrophy. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 18:102040.
37. Krishna G, Kn A, Kumar RS, Sagar BC, Philip M, Dahale AB, Thomas Gregor Issac, Mukku SS, T Sivakumar P, Subramanian S. Higher levels of lysosomal associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2) in plasma exosomes from Alzheimer’s disease: An exploratory study from South India. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2019 Dec 9;48:101898.
38. Chandra SR, Chakravarthula NR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Philip M. Long-term follow-up of patients with multiple sclerosis treated with a cost-effective protocol from a rural medical center in India: a retrospective case series. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Trials: Nervous System Diseases. 2019 Oct 1;4(4):90.
39. Issac AC, Thomas Gregor Issac. Unravelling the Nexus between neuroscience and leadership research. Management Decision. 2019 Nov 12.
40. Chandra SR, Shivaram S, Thomas Gregor Issac Reflected images processing and the diseases of the brain. International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences. 2019 Jul 1;8(3):174.
41. Chandra SR, Koti N, Harikrishna GV, Mailankody P, Ramanujam CN, Pavagada SM, Thomas Gregor Issac. A rare treatable cause for atypical frontotemporal dementia with multiple fractures in a young female. Journal of Geriatric Mental Health. 2018 Jul 1;5(2):170.
42. Thomas Gregor Issac., Sivakumar, P.T., Chandra, S.R., Christopher, R., Philip, M., Rajeswaran, J. and Prasad, C., 2019, January. ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME GENE POLYMORPHISM IN COGNITIVE DETERIORATION IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE. In INDIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (Vol. 61, No. 9, pp. S628-S628). WOLTERS KLUWER INDIA PVT LTD, A-202, 2ND FLR, QUBE, CTS NO 1498A-2 VILLAGE MAROL, ANDHERI EAST, MUMBAI, 400059, INDIA: WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS.
43. Chandra SR, Suresh A, Annapoorni CSV, Rita Christopher, Asheeb A, Thomas Gregor Issa Skin, hair and nails as pointers to neurocognitive disorders in children: our experience. J Clin Psychiatry Cog Psychol. 2018;2(2):5-10.
44. Chandra SR, Huddar A, Varghese N, Koti N, Ganaraja VH, Pooja M and Thomas Gregor Issac. Myasthenia Gravis-Our Experience in the Last Three Years with Interesting Associations. J Gen Pract (Los Angel). 2018;6(363):2.
45. Thomas Gregor Issac, Telang AV, Chandra SR. Trichotillomania ranging from “ritual to illness” and as a rare clinical manifestation of frontotemporal dementia: Review of literature and case report. International journal of trichology. 2018 Mar;10(2):84.
46. Gowda GS, Telang A, Sharath R, Thomas Gregor Issac, Haripriya C, Ramu PS, Math SB. Use of newer technologies with existing service for family reintegration of unknown psychiatric patients: A case series. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2017 Oct 29.(ahead of print)-published online
47. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Gupta N. Snakebite, Antivenom and Mitochondrial Toxicity. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research. 2017;7(3).
48. Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandra SR, Gupta N, Rukmani MR, Deepika S, Sathyaprabha TN. Autonomic dysfunction: A comparative study of patients with Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal dementia – A pilot study.Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice. 2017;8(1):84-88.
49. Chandra, SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Mane, M., Bharath, S., & Nagaraju, B. C. (2017). Long Loop Reflex 2 in Patients with Cortical Dementias: A Pilot Study.Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2017; 39(2), 164–168.
50. Chandra SR, Asheeb A, Dash, Retna N, Ravi Teja KV, Thomas Gregor Issac, Role of electroencephalography in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric border zone syndromes. Indian J Psychological Medicine 2017;39: pages 243-249.
51. Chandra SR, Anand B, Thomas Gregor Issac, Median and common peroneal neuropathy in coir workers of Alappuzha district , Kerala, Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2017:20:23-8.
52. Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandra SR, “ A lady of few words” Review of literature and report of a case of Progressive Non Fluent aphasia type of frontotemporal dementia , Journal of geriatric mental health 2016;3:pages 164-167.
53. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Deepak S, Teja R, Kuruthukulangara S. Pyridoxine-dependent convulsions among children with refractory seizures: A 3-year follow-up study. J Pediatr Neurosci2016; 11:188-92.
54. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Philip. M, Gadad. V, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease phenotype and course: Our experience from a tertiary center. Indian J Psychol Med 2016; 38:438-442.
55. Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandra SR. The woman who lost her words. Saudi Journal of Medical Sciences 2016; 4: 239-40.
56. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Kumar V, Pai A, Patil SA. Human cysticercosis. International Journal of Health Allied Sciences 2016; 5:174-7.
57. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Korada SK, Teja KV, PhilipM. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in a cohort of patients with frontotemporal dementia: Our experience. Indian J Psychol Med 2016; 38:326-30.
58. Varghese V, Chandra SR, Christopher R, Rajeswaran J, Prasad C, Subasree R, Thomas Gregor Issac. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with Neurocysticercosis. Indian J Psychol Med 2016; 38:142-146.
59. Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandra S.R, Rajeswaran J, Christopher R, Philip M, Demographic features and Neuropsychological correlates in a cohort of 200 patients with Vascular Cognitive Decline due to Cerebral Small Vessel disease. Indian J Psychol Med 2016; 38:127-32.
60. Varghese V, Chandra SR, Christopher R, Rajeswaran J, Prasad C, Subasree R, Thomas Gregor Issac. Factors determining cognitive dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease. Indian J Psychol Med 2016; 38:56-61.
61. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Nagaraju BC, Philip M. A study of cortical excitability, central motor conduction, and cortical inhibition using single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with early Frontotemporal and Alzheimer’s dementia. Indian J Psychol Med 2016;38:25-30.
62. Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandra SR, Nagaraju BC. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a tool for early diagnosis and prognostication in Cortico-basal ganglia degeneration (CBD) syndromes: Review of Literature and case report. Indian J Psychol Med 2016;38:81-3.
63. Thomas Gregor Issac, Sadandavalli Retnaswami Chandra, Rita Christopher, Jamuna Rajeswaran, and Mariamma Philip, “Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Clinical, Neuropsychological, and Radiological Phenotypes, Histopathological Correlates, and Described Genotypes: A Review,”Journal of Geriatrics, vol. 2015, Article ID 564870, 11 pages, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/564870
64. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Shivram S. Catatonia in children following systemic illness. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2015; 37:pages 413-418.
65. Prabhakar, P., Chandra, S. R., Supriya, M ,Thomas Gregor Issac, Prasad, C., & Christopher, R. Vitamin D status and vascular dementia due to cerebral small vessel disease in the elderly Asian Indian population.Journal of the Neurological Sciences,2015, 359:1, 108-111.
66. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Philip M, Krishnan A, Elevated anti-measles antibody titre: An association in Autoimmune encephalitis. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 2015;6:536-540.
67. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, A case of mitochondrial Cytopathy with exertion induced dystonia. Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences, 2015;10:254-7.
68. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Ayyappan K. New onset psychosis as the first manifestation of neuropsychiatric lupus. A situation causing diagnostic dilemma. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2015;37:pages 333-338
69. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Gayathri, N, Gupta, N,Abbas.M M, Atypical case of Myoclonic Epilepsy With Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF) and the lessons learned. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2015; 61pages 200-202.
70. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Gayathri N, Shivaram S. Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences 2015;Issue10:pages69-71
71. Chandra S.R, Raj .P, Thomas Gregor Issac, Self-mutilation in Neurodegeneration with brain Iron Accumulation. Indian Journal of Dermatology 2015,Issue60,pages :290-292.
72. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Rita Christopher. Letter to Editor, Clinical features and course of Glutaric Aciduria- Report of 6 cases. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 2015, Volume 6, Issue 2, pages 290-294.
73. Chandra S.R, Thomas Gregor Issac, Abbas M.M. Apraxias in Neurodegenerative dementias. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2015, Volume37, Issue 1, pages 42-47.
74. Thomas Gregor Issac, Soundarya .S, Christopher R, Chandra S.R, Vitamin B12 Deficiency: An Important reversible co-morbidity in Neuropsychiatric Manifestations. Indian Journal Of Psychological Medicine 2015; Volume 37, Issue1, pages 26-29.
75. Thomas Gregor Issac and Chandra SR, Steroid therapy: a double edged sword, Letter, Medical Science, 2014, Volume 15, Issue 61, December 2014, pages 32-33
76. Chandra S.R, Thomas Gregor Issac, Sindhu Krishnah, Review Article, Mobile Towers, Cell Phones and its Health consequences: Facts or Fiction, TAPI Journal Vol 6 ,Issue 3, August- December 2014, pages 1-5.
77. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Neurodegeneration and Mirror Image agnosia, Research letter, North American Journal Of Medical Sciences 2014;Volume 6:Issue 9: pages 472-477
78. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac. Mirror image agnosia. Indian J Psychol Med 2014 Volume: 36 Issue: 4 Page: 400-403
79. SR Chandra, Sahana.S, Thomas Gregor Issac; Approach to diagnosis and treatment of epilepsies; Review article; TAPI Journal Vol.6,Issue 2 ,April-July 2014 Pages 6-14..
80. SR Chandra, Ravi Yadav,CSPuneeth, Jitender Saini, Thomas Gregor Issac; ‘The Spectrum of Vascular Dementia’ — A Retrospective Study from South India,JAPI Issue,June 2014,vol. 62 pages 498-504.
81. Chandra SR, Seshadiri R, Chikabasavaiah Y, Issac TG; Progressive Limbic encephalopathy: Problems and Prospects. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2014;17;166-170.
82. Chandra S.R, Thomas Gregor Issac; Uncommon Manifestation in a case of Mitochondrial Cytopathy; Case Report; TAPI Journal 6,Issue 4 ,January- March 2014 Pages 11-13.
83. Vandana V.P, Chandra S.R, Thomas Gregor Issac; Speech, Language ,Hearing and communication Disorders in Individuals with HIV/AIDS; Review Article;TAPI Journal Vol.6,Issue 4 ,January- March 2014 Pages 1-5.
84. SR Chandra, Thomas Gregor Issac; Battered woman Syndrome-An unusual case presentation of pseudodystonia, Case report, Journal of Neurosciences in Rural practice, April –June 2014, Vol(5), Issue 2,pages 35-37.
85. Sindhu Krishnah CS, Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Sanjith, Radhamma H; Legal and Ethical aspects in Nursing Practice- Review article; TAPI Journal ,Vol 5, issue 3,Pages 12-15 September- December 2013.
86. Vandana V.P, Chandra S.R, Thomas Gregor Issac; Influence of AAC modes on Speech Intelligibility in a speaker with spastic-flaccid Dysarthria due to Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis; TAPI Journal ,Vol 5, issue 3,Pages 1-5 September- December 2013.
87. Thomas Gregor Issac, ChandraR, Nagaraju B.C; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in patients with early cortical dementias: A Pilot Study. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2013; 16;619-622.
88. Clinical and Radiological Spectrum of CSF Anti-Measles Antibody associated Encephalopathy- Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Ramakrishna A; TAPI journal Vol 5, Issue 2 ,May-august 2013; pgs1-6.
89. Munivenkatappa A, Devi B.I, Thomas Gregor Issac, Bhat D.I, Kumaraswamy A.D, Shukla D.P; Bicycle Accident –related head injuries in India: Journal of Neurosciences in Rural practice 2013,Vol 4 pages 262-266
- Centre for Brain Research Indian Institute of Science Campus CV Raman Avenue Bangalore 560012. India.
- thomasgregor@cbr-iisc.ac.in
- +91 80 2293 3588
Biosketch
Dr. Thomas Gregor Issac completed his M.B.B.S training from M.O.S.C Medical College (Mahatma Gandhi University), Kerala from 2003-2008 and subsequently got selected for Ph.D. in Clinical Neurosciences Programme under the ICMR MD-PhD Talent Search programme which he pursued from August 2011 till July 2016. His PhD dissertation focused on the role of “Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Cognitive deterioration in patients with cerebral small vessel disease” wherein he examined the genetic, cognitive, and neuroimaging profiles of a cohort of more than 200 patients across the spectrum of vascular cognitive impairment. Subsequently, he was selected for the MD Psychiatry course at the prestigious National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) and trained as a Junior Resident in the Department of Psychiatry from July 2016 to June 2019. His MD dissertation involved studying the “Role of APO E4 allele in vascular cognitive impairment”. He has also cleared DNB in Psychiatry. After his MD in psychiatry, he has completed his DM degree (Geriatric psychiatry) from NIMHANS, subsequent to which he has joined CBR as a faculty. His lab is interested in clinical research focussing on neurocognition, neuropsychiatric disorders, geriatric giants, neuro interventions, geriatric advocacy and social policy.
I have always been fascinated by clinical research and my research focuses on understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of cognitive disorders. Being from a medical background, my initial work was on the clinical understanding of the various dementias and included understanding “how, when and why” a patient with dementia shows specific clinical phenomena which often gives clues to the diagnosis and subtyping the various forms of dementia. Understanding the role of reversible causes of dementia and its mitigation is therefore of paramount importance. As the ageing population is increasing, understanding the trajectories, modifiers and modulators of healthy ageing and transition from mild cognitive impairment to major neurocognitive impairment gains significance. Targeted interventions tailored to address the vulnerable elderly from middle age or even before would be the most important translational aspect of my research. Our team also tries to understand the role of hitherto considered benign white matter changes and its role in tilting the balance of mild cognitive impairment towards dementia. My PhD work was hence specifically focused on the role of specific molecular mechanisms driving cognitive deterioration in patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. This work was seminal with respect to the fact that it looked in a holistic manner not just the clinical data but comprehensively assessed the neuropsychological, imaging and genetic correlates associated with respect to the same in a cohort of more than 200 patients. This work was further extrapolated during my MD studies wherein I looked into the role of APO E4 allele in modulating the course and prognosis in the cohort of patients with vascular cognitive impairment as further ahead during my DM wherein I tried to identify the various trajectories that late-life depression would take and its likely link and evolution into neurocognitive disorders like dementia. These are just humble beginnings and there is a need for more such cohort studies in understanding the role of modifiable risk factors including epigenetics that could increase the incidence of dementia in our elderly. My research also gives importance to the public health approach for dementias and in the role of developing policy considerations, ethical and sociological aspects of ageing and explores due concerns of the stakeholders especially patients with cognitive impairment and their caregivers, rehabilitation options and inputs for advocacy as well. It is opportune that this decade is considered as that of “Healthy Ageing” by the World Health Organization (WHO) and a comprehensive understanding of geriatric physical and mental health would pave way for developing better access to pathways of care and provision of early intervention strategies and “bench to bedside” translation of research.
The Nairobi Declaration — Reducing the burden of dementia in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs): Declaration of the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs
Dementia is a global health problem among the elderly, especially in Lower-Middle Income Countries (LMICs), where the estimated number of individuals with dementia by 2030 is 78 million. Delegates from 40 countries, including India met on 5-9 December 2022 in Nairobi, Kenya to discuss about the recent advancements in dementia prevention, diagnosis, treatment and research
The major outcomes of the Nairobi Declaration were:
- To take a global approach towards prevention, diagnosis, treatment and research in context of dementia.
- More focus on LMICs because of the huge burden of the disease.
- Promotion of positive health behaviours and psychosocial activities in order to prevent risk factors.
- Support research, reduce expense of hospitalization and improve quality of life of patients.
- Motivate early career researchers in LMICs to ensure needs of the population.
- Collaborative research frameworks.
Reference: Maestre, G., Carrillo, M., Kalaria, R., Acosta, D., Adams, L., Adoukonou, T., Akinwande, K., Akinyemi, J., Akinyemi, R., Akpa, O., Alladi, S., Allegri, R., Arizaga, R., Arshad, F., Arulogun, O., Babalola, D., Baiyewu, O., Bak, T., Bellaj, T., Boshe, J., … African Dementia Consortium (2023). The Nairobi Declaration-Reducing the burden of dementia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): Declaration of the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs. Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 10.1002/alz.13025. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.1302
Potential modifications on verbal-language/orientation-memory ratio from Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III to predict mild cognitive impairment from healthy controls
Currently, diagnosis of dementia depends on several invasive tests. To diagnose and differentiate various dementia types, the utility of neuropsychological tests, which are easier to administer, are being explored in recent years.
VLOM (Verbal-Language/Orientation-Memory) ratio calculated from early versions of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) has been used to differentiate Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Fronto Temporal Dementia (FTD) previously. The present study used the current version called ACE-III to differentiate people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from healthy controls.
Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5, which indicates MCI, is primarily contributed by scores in CDR memory domain. So, the current study proposed using L/M (Language/Memory) ratio calculated from ACE-III for classifying people with MCI. It identified that L/M ratio has a better potential in differentiating MCI and normal cognition when compared with VLOM ratio. Thus, VLOM ratio and its modifications can be further explored for their utility as clinical bedside screening tools for mild and major neurocognitive disorder.
Reference: Meghana R, Jain S, Malo PK, Stezin A, Issac TG. Potential modifications on verbal-language/orientation-memory ratio from Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III to predict mild cognitive impairment from healthy controls. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2023;14:531-2
“Thalaikoothal” – A Less? Known Practice of Senicide in Rural India
Senicide refers to killing of elderly. Thalaikoothal is a practice of senicide that is happening even today in parts of rural Tamil Nadu. As a part of the ritual, elderly who are considered as burden to already poverty-stricken families, as killed using cruel methods. In communities where this practice prevails, this has a very high acceptance such that, some elderly volunteer for this. It becomes necessary to make the community aware of the prevalence of such practices and educate them on strategies to undertake when they come across these happening.
Reference: Sandhya G, Issac TG. “Thalaikoothal”–A Less-Known Practice of Senicide in Rural India. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):127-8.
“Relax, Refresh, and Refocus”: A Brief Account on the Potential Utility of Snoezelen in Dementia
Dementia refers to the decline in memory and other domains of cognition. This might interfere severely with daily life functioning. Beside cognitive decline, the person develops some behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The focus of today’s research aims to develop non-pharmacological mode of treatment, as pharmacological mode of treatment exerts side effects. One such non-pharmacological modality of treatment is multisensory therapy or “Snoezelen”.
Reference: Roy D, Varadharajan A, Joe N, Jain S, Sunny AS, Issac TG. “Relax, Refresh, and Refocus:” A Brief Account on the Potential Utility of Snoezelen in Dementia. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):109-12.
Particulate Matter 2.5: Muddling the Healthy Brain
Dementia is a broad term that can have different trajectories. It is therefore important to focus on the various potential modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the disease. The environment can have an influence, both at psychological and biological levels. At the biological level, particulate matter pollutants, specifically PM 2.5 can cross the blood-brain barrier and can affect cognition.
Reference: Menon AJ, Sandhya G, Varadharajan A, Rai P, Sundarakumar JS, Issac TG. Particulate Matter 2.5–Muddling the Healthy Brain. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):129-30.
Sandhya G
Ph.D Student
I have completed my integrated M.Sc. in Life Sciences from Central University of Tamil Nadu. My Ph.D. work is primarily focussed on studying the association of nutrition with cognitive performance. Apart from research, I also enjoy dancing and listening to music.
Ms. Dwaiti Roy
Ph.D Student
I completed my B.Sc. in Psychology from Calcutta University and M.Sc. in Psychology from Banaras Hindu University. My main area of interest is neuromodulatory effects on aging brain. Besides studying I love animal keeping and nurturing, and also watching series.
Ms. Anjana Menon
Research Assistant
I pursued my bachelor’s degree in zoology from St Teresa’s College. After that I went on to pursue master’s in Zoology from St Berchman’s College. I am an aspiring neuroscientist. Currently I am focusing on the brain-environment interaction and positive impact of multilingualism on cognitive performance. In addition to my interests in neuroscience, I enjoy painting, singing and listening to music during my spare time.
Ms. Angeline Jessy S
Research Assistant – Virtual Infographics, Knowledge and workSheets (VIKAS) project
I hold an MSc in Nursing from Government College of Nursing, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore. I’m passionate about healthcare research and am currently working on a project to provide nursing care and support to caregivers of individuals with both Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Motor Neuron Muscular Disorder. I’m on a mission to ease the journey of dedicated caregivers by providing support and valuable insights. Besides research, I enjoy petting dogs, traveling, and listening to music
Ms. Aishwarya Ghosh
Research Assistant
I have completed my master’s degree in psychology from Banaras Hindu University. My interest lies in Music and Cognition. Currently I am looking into the different forms of music and their implications in brain health. I have also trained in Hindustani Classical Music for about 12 years.
Beside neuropsychology, I enjoy reading, singing, and cooking in my leisure times.
Ms. Monisha S
Research Assistant – Biostatistics
I am a data enthusiast with a strong educational background in statistics. I completed my undergraduate degree at St Joseph College and pursued postgraduate at Christian Medical College in the stream of Biostatistics. In my postgraduate project I examined the cumulative burden of cardiovascular risk factors. My career is centred around data analysis and I am really interested to learn the interaction of Machine learning and neuroscience. I enjoy reading books and listening to music.
Ms. Sneha Noble
Research Assistant-FABRIC GRANT Project
Biomedical Engineer, with a strong research background in medical imaging systems. I completed my B. Tech (Honors) degree in Biomedical Engineering from TKM Institute of Technology, Kerala and M.Tech. degree in Biomedical Instrumentation and Signal Processing from Amrita University, Kerala. I am a part of the FABRIC GRANT project, where changes in functional properties from brain images are analyzed to identify neurodegenerative diseases among individuals.
Lab alumni
Shubham Jain
Interns
Tejaswini Jagtap
Ashvin Varadharajan
Anjo Xavier
Aarjith Damian Davis
Neha Joe
- Centre for Brain Research Indian Institute of Science Campus CV Raman Avenue Bangalore 560012. India.
- thomasgregor@cbr-iisc.ac.in
- +91 80 2293 3588
1. Azhuvalappil S, Prasad R, Sahadevan P, Chatterjee P, Pradhan H, Rai P, Gupta A, Kommaddi RP, Thomas Gregor Issac, Sundarakumar JS. Association between APOE genotypes and metabolic syndrome in a middle aged and elderly Urban South Indian population. Metabolism Open. 2024 Sep 1;23:100301.
The Lancet Neurology. 2024 Sep 1;23(9):858-9.
9. Kalaria R, Maestre G, Mahinrad S,Alladi S, Allegri RF, Arshad F, Babalola DO, Baiyewu O, Bak TH….Thomas Gregor Issac,…et al. The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low?and middle?income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2024 May 2.
10. Singh S, Malo PK, Stezin A, Mensegere AL, Thomas Gregor Issac. Hippocampal subfields volume changes and its correlation with memory functions in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Aging and Health Research. 2024 Mar 5:100183.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahr.2024.100183
11. Rai P, Sahadevan P, Mensegere AL, Thomas Gregor Issac, Muniz?Terrera G, Sundarakumar JS. Rural?urban disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and diabetes among aging Indians. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. 2024 Mar 9.https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13771
13. Rai P, Sundarakumar JS, Basavaraju N, Kommaddi RP, Thomas Gregor Issac. Association between ApoE ?4 genotype and attentional function in non-demented, middle-aged, and older adults from rural India. J Neurosci Rural Pract. doi: 10.25259/JNRP_272_2023
14. Ghosh A, Jagtap T, Thomas Gregor Issac. Cognitive Benefits of Physical Activity in the Elderly: A Narrative Review. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2024 Jan 1;3(1):4-11.
15. Varadharajan, Ashvin; Gandhi, Sandhya; Menon, Anjana J; Rai, Pooja; Issac, Thomas Gregor. Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation – A Novel Way Forward in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Therapeutics. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology ():10.4103/aian.aian_586_23, November 24, 2023. | DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_586_23
16. Meghana R, Jain S, Malo PK, Stezin A, Thomas Gregor Issac. Potential modifications on verbal-language/orientation-memory ratio from Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III to predict mild cognitive impairment from healthy controls. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2023 Jul-Sep;14(3):531-532. doi: 10.25259/JNRP_223_2023. Epub 2023 Aug 16. PMID: 37692821; PMCID: PMC10483186.
17. Menon AJ, Malo PK, Jain S, Gandhi S, Sundarakumar JS, Rai P, Thomas Gregor Issac. Association between multilingualism and cognitive performance among older adults in rural southern India. J Neurosci Rural Pract, doi: 10.25259/JNRP_376_2023
19. Anu, K.N., Thirumoorthy, A., Antony, S. Thomas Gregor Issac, C R Vasanthra , Sivakumar PT Caregivers Journey Through Experiences of People Living with Dementia and History of Wandering Behaviour: An Indian Case Series. J. Psychosoc. Rehabil. Ment. Health (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40737-023-00359-y
20. Singh S, Malo PK, Mensegere AL, Thomas Gregor Issac. Letter to Editor: Atrophy asymmetry in hippocampal subfields in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Experimental Brain Research. 2023 Jul 28:1-1.
21. Menon AJ, Sandhya G, Varadharajan A, Rai P, Sundarakumar JS, Thomas Gregor Issac. Particulate Matter 2.5–Muddling the Healthy Brain. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):129-30.
22. Sandhya G, Thomas Gregor Issac. “Thalaikoothal”–A Less-Known Practice of Senicide in Rural India. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):127-8.
23. Roy D, Varadharajan A, Joe N, Jain S, Sunny AS, Thomas Gregor Issac. “Relax, Refresh, and Refocus:” A Brief Account on the Potential Utility of Snoezelen in Dementia. Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum. 2023 Jul 1;2(2):109-12.
24. Maestre, G., Carrillo, M., Kalaria, R., Acosta, D., Adams, L., Adoukonou, T., … & African Dementia Consortium. (2023). The Nairobi Declaration—Reducing the burden of dementia in low?and middle?income countries (LMICs): Declaration of the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 19: 1105-1108. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13025
25. Kumar CT, Varghese M, Duddu V, Vaitheswaran S, Srivastava S, Shaji KS, …, Thomas Gregor Isaac, Chandra M. Indian Psychiatric Society multicentre study: Diagnostic patterns, comorbidity and prescription practices for patients with Dementia. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 2023;65:52-60.
26. Vasanthra CR, Ammapattian T, Antony S, Rao GN, Prasad KM, Anu KN, Thomas Gregor Issac and Sivakumar Palanimuthu Thangaraju. Home-based care of persons with dementia during COVID-19 pandemic: Caregivers’ experiences. Journal of Geriatric Mental Health 2022;9:9-12.
27. Suhas S, Malo PK, Kumar V, Thomas Gregor Issac, Chithra NK, Bhaskarapillai B, Reddy YCJ, Rao NP. Treatment strategies for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 14:1-16. doi: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2082525.
28. Sharad Philip, Thomas Gregor Issac, Arjita Sharda, Avinash Shekhar, Suicide prevention strategy in India, The Lancet Psychiatry, Volume 9, Issue 3, 2022,Page 192,ISSN 2215-0366,https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00011-6.
29. Thomas Gregor Issac, Mukku SSR, Mangalore S, Sinha P, Sivakumar PT. Reflected image processing abnormalities in dementia – a case series and review. Neurocase. 2022 May 8:1-5. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2072227. PMID: 35531907.
30. Issac, A.C., Thomas Gregor Issac, Baral, R., Bednall, T.C. and Thomas, T.S., 2021. Why you hide what you know: Neuroscience behind knowledge hiding. Knowledge and Process Management, 28(3), pp.266-276.
31. Philip S, Shoib S, Thomas Gregor Issac, Javed S. Diagnostic challenges posed by intersections between post-acute covid syndrome and neurocognitive disorders. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2022 Jan;67:102936. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102936. PMID: 34844177; PMCID: PMC8606183.
32. Ramesh A, Thomas Gregor Issac, Mukku SS, Sivakumar PT. Companionship and Sexual Issues in the Aging Population. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2021 Oct 5:02537176211045622.
33. Thomas Gregor Issac, Ramesh A, Reddy SS, Sivakumar PT, Kumar CN, Math SB. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act 2007: A Critical Appraisal. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2021 Oct 3:02537176211043932.
34. Krishna, G., Sivakumar, P.T., Dahale, A.B., Thomas Gregor Issac, Mukku, S.S.R., Unni, A.K., Sinha, P., Varghese, M. and Subramanian, S., 2020. Increased prolidase activity in Alzheimer’s dementia: A case-control study. Asian journal of psychiatry, 53, p.102242.
35. Thomas Gregor Issac Be in Control before You Lose Control. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 11(3), p.365.
36. Mukku SS, Jagtap N, Thomas Gregor Issac, Mangalore S, Sivakumar PT. Psychotic symptoms in Frontotemporal dementia with right fronto-temporal atrophy. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 18:102040.
37. Krishna G, Kn A, Kumar RS, Sagar BC, Philip M, Dahale AB, Thomas Gregor Issac, Mukku SS, T Sivakumar P, Subramanian S. Higher levels of lysosomal associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2) in plasma exosomes from Alzheimer’s disease: An exploratory study from South India. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2019 Dec 9;48:101898.
38. Chandra SR, Chakravarthula NR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Philip M. Long-term follow-up of patients with multiple sclerosis treated with a cost-effective protocol from a rural medical center in India: a retrospective case series. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Trials: Nervous System Diseases. 2019 Oct 1;4(4):90.
39. Issac AC, Thomas Gregor Issac. Unravelling the Nexus between neuroscience and leadership research. Management Decision. 2019 Nov 12.
40. Chandra SR, Shivaram S, Thomas Gregor Issac Reflected images processing and the diseases of the brain. International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences. 2019 Jul 1;8(3):174.
41. Chandra SR, Koti N, Harikrishna GV, Mailankody P, Ramanujam CN, Pavagada SM, Thomas Gregor Issac. A rare treatable cause for atypical frontotemporal dementia with multiple fractures in a young female. Journal of Geriatric Mental Health. 2018 Jul 1;5(2):170.
42. Thomas Gregor Issac., Sivakumar, P.T., Chandra, S.R., Christopher, R., Philip, M., Rajeswaran, J. and Prasad, C., 2019, January. ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME GENE POLYMORPHISM IN COGNITIVE DETERIORATION IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE. In INDIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (Vol. 61, No. 9, pp. S628-S628). WOLTERS KLUWER INDIA PVT LTD, A-202, 2ND FLR, QUBE, CTS NO 1498A-2 VILLAGE MAROL, ANDHERI EAST, MUMBAI, 400059, INDIA: WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS.
43. Chandra SR, Suresh A, Annapoorni CSV, Rita Christopher, Asheeb A, Thomas Gregor Issa Skin, hair and nails as pointers to neurocognitive disorders in children: our experience. J Clin Psychiatry Cog Psychol. 2018;2(2):5-10.
44. Chandra SR, Huddar A, Varghese N, Koti N, Ganaraja VH, Pooja M and Thomas Gregor Issac. Myasthenia Gravis-Our Experience in the Last Three Years with Interesting Associations. J Gen Pract (Los Angel). 2018;6(363):2.
45. Thomas Gregor Issac, Telang AV, Chandra SR. Trichotillomania ranging from “ritual to illness” and as a rare clinical manifestation of frontotemporal dementia: Review of literature and case report. International journal of trichology. 2018 Mar;10(2):84.
46. Gowda GS, Telang A, Sharath R, Thomas Gregor Issac, Haripriya C, Ramu PS, Math SB. Use of newer technologies with existing service for family reintegration of unknown psychiatric patients: A case series. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2017 Oct 29.(ahead of print)-published online
47. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Gupta N. Snakebite, Antivenom and Mitochondrial Toxicity. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research. 2017;7(3).
48. Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandra SR, Gupta N, Rukmani MR, Deepika S, Sathyaprabha TN. Autonomic dysfunction: A comparative study of patients with Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal dementia – A pilot study.Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice. 2017;8(1):84-88.
49. Chandra, SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Mane, M., Bharath, S., & Nagaraju, B. C. (2017). Long Loop Reflex 2 in Patients with Cortical Dementias: A Pilot Study.Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2017; 39(2), 164–168.
50. Chandra SR, Asheeb A, Dash, Retna N, Ravi Teja KV, Thomas Gregor Issac, Role of electroencephalography in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric border zone syndromes. Indian J Psychological Medicine 2017;39: pages 243-249.
51. Chandra SR, Anand B, Thomas Gregor Issac, Median and common peroneal neuropathy in coir workers of Alappuzha district , Kerala, Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2017:20:23-8.
52. Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandra SR, “ A lady of few words” Review of literature and report of a case of Progressive Non Fluent aphasia type of frontotemporal dementia , Journal of geriatric mental health 2016;3:pages 164-167.
53. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Deepak S, Teja R, Kuruthukulangara S. Pyridoxine-dependent convulsions among children with refractory seizures: A 3-year follow-up study. J Pediatr Neurosci2016; 11:188-92.
54. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Philip. M, Gadad. V, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease phenotype and course: Our experience from a tertiary center. Indian J Psychol Med 2016; 38:438-442.
55. Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandra SR. The woman who lost her words. Saudi Journal of Medical Sciences 2016; 4: 239-40.
56. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Kumar V, Pai A, Patil SA. Human cysticercosis. International Journal of Health Allied Sciences 2016; 5:174-7.
57. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Korada SK, Teja KV, PhilipM. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in a cohort of patients with frontotemporal dementia: Our experience. Indian J Psychol Med 2016; 38:326-30.
58. Varghese V, Chandra SR, Christopher R, Rajeswaran J, Prasad C, Subasree R, Thomas Gregor Issac. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with Neurocysticercosis. Indian J Psychol Med 2016; 38:142-146.
59. Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandra S.R, Rajeswaran J, Christopher R, Philip M, Demographic features and Neuropsychological correlates in a cohort of 200 patients with Vascular Cognitive Decline due to Cerebral Small Vessel disease. Indian J Psychol Med 2016; 38:127-32.
60. Varghese V, Chandra SR, Christopher R, Rajeswaran J, Prasad C, Subasree R, Thomas Gregor Issac. Factors determining cognitive dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease. Indian J Psychol Med 2016; 38:56-61.
61. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Nagaraju BC, Philip M. A study of cortical excitability, central motor conduction, and cortical inhibition using single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with early Frontotemporal and Alzheimer’s dementia. Indian J Psychol Med 2016;38:25-30.
62. Thomas Gregor Issac, Chandra SR, Nagaraju BC. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a tool for early diagnosis and prognostication in Cortico-basal ganglia degeneration (CBD) syndromes: Review of Literature and case report. Indian J Psychol Med 2016;38:81-3.
63. Thomas Gregor Issac, Sadandavalli Retnaswami Chandra, Rita Christopher, Jamuna Rajeswaran, and Mariamma Philip, “Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Clinical, Neuropsychological, and Radiological Phenotypes, Histopathological Correlates, and Described Genotypes: A Review,”Journal of Geriatrics, vol. 2015, Article ID 564870, 11 pages, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/564870
64. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Shivram S. Catatonia in children following systemic illness. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2015; 37:pages 413-418.
65. Prabhakar, P., Chandra, S. R., Supriya, M ,Thomas Gregor Issac, Prasad, C., & Christopher, R. Vitamin D status and vascular dementia due to cerebral small vessel disease in the elderly Asian Indian population.Journal of the Neurological Sciences,2015, 359:1, 108-111.
66. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Philip M, Krishnan A, Elevated anti-measles antibody titre: An association in Autoimmune encephalitis. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 2015;6:536-540.
67. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, A case of mitochondrial Cytopathy with exertion induced dystonia. Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences, 2015;10:254-7.
68. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Ayyappan K. New onset psychosis as the first manifestation of neuropsychiatric lupus. A situation causing diagnostic dilemma. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 2015;37:pages 333-338
69. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Gayathri, N, Gupta, N,Abbas.M M, Atypical case of Myoclonic Epilepsy With Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF) and the lessons learned. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2015; 61pages 200-202.
70. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Gayathri N, Shivaram S. Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences 2015;Issue10:pages69-71
71. Chandra S.R, Raj .P, Thomas Gregor Issac, Self-mutilation in Neurodegeneration with brain Iron Accumulation. Indian Journal of Dermatology 2015,Issue60,pages :290-292.
72. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Rita Christopher. Letter to Editor, Clinical features and course of Glutaric Aciduria- Report of 6 cases. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 2015, Volume 6, Issue 2, pages 290-294.
73. Chandra S.R, Thomas Gregor Issac, Abbas M.M. Apraxias in Neurodegenerative dementias. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2015, Volume37, Issue 1, pages 42-47.
74. Thomas Gregor Issac, Soundarya .S, Christopher R, Chandra S.R, Vitamin B12 Deficiency: An Important reversible co-morbidity in Neuropsychiatric Manifestations. Indian Journal Of Psychological Medicine 2015; Volume 37, Issue1, pages 26-29.
75. Thomas Gregor Issac and Chandra SR, Steroid therapy: a double edged sword, Letter, Medical Science, 2014, Volume 15, Issue 61, December 2014, pages 32-33
76. Chandra S.R, Thomas Gregor Issac, Sindhu Krishnah, Review Article, Mobile Towers, Cell Phones and its Health consequences: Facts or Fiction, TAPI Journal Vol 6 ,Issue 3, August- December 2014, pages 1-5.
77. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Neurodegeneration and Mirror Image agnosia, Research letter, North American Journal Of Medical Sciences 2014;Volume 6:Issue 9: pages 472-477
78. Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac. Mirror image agnosia. Indian J Psychol Med 2014 Volume: 36 Issue: 4 Page: 400-403
79. SR Chandra, Sahana.S, Thomas Gregor Issac; Approach to diagnosis and treatment of epilepsies; Review article; TAPI Journal Vol.6,Issue 2 ,April-July 2014 Pages 6-14..
80. SR Chandra, Ravi Yadav,CSPuneeth, Jitender Saini, Thomas Gregor Issac; ‘The Spectrum of Vascular Dementia’ — A Retrospective Study from South India,JAPI Issue,June 2014,vol. 62 pages 498-504.
81. Chandra SR, Seshadiri R, Chikabasavaiah Y, Issac TG; Progressive Limbic encephalopathy: Problems and Prospects. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2014;17;166-170.
82. Chandra S.R, Thomas Gregor Issac; Uncommon Manifestation in a case of Mitochondrial Cytopathy; Case Report; TAPI Journal 6,Issue 4 ,January- March 2014 Pages 11-13.
83. Vandana V.P, Chandra S.R, Thomas Gregor Issac; Speech, Language ,Hearing and communication Disorders in Individuals with HIV/AIDS; Review Article;TAPI Journal Vol.6,Issue 4 ,January- March 2014 Pages 1-5.
84. SR Chandra, Thomas Gregor Issac; Battered woman Syndrome-An unusual case presentation of pseudodystonia, Case report, Journal of Neurosciences in Rural practice, April –June 2014, Vol(5), Issue 2,pages 35-37.
85. Sindhu Krishnah CS, Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Sanjith, Radhamma H; Legal and Ethical aspects in Nursing Practice- Review article; TAPI Journal ,Vol 5, issue 3,Pages 12-15 September- December 2013.
86. Vandana V.P, Chandra S.R, Thomas Gregor Issac; Influence of AAC modes on Speech Intelligibility in a speaker with spastic-flaccid Dysarthria due to Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis; TAPI Journal ,Vol 5, issue 3,Pages 1-5 September- December 2013.
87. Thomas Gregor Issac, ChandraR, Nagaraju B.C; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in patients with early cortical dementias: A Pilot Study. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2013; 16;619-622.
88. Clinical and Radiological Spectrum of CSF Anti-Measles Antibody associated Encephalopathy- Chandra SR, Thomas Gregor Issac, Ramakrishna A; TAPI journal Vol 5, Issue 2 ,May-august 2013; pgs1-6.
89. Munivenkatappa A, Devi B.I, Thomas Gregor Issac, Bhat D.I, Kumaraswamy A.D, Shukla D.P; Bicycle Accident –related head injuries in India: Journal of Neurosciences in Rural practice 2013,Vol 4 pages 262-266